The Church, Homosexuality, And Ministering - 1379 Words

The Church, Homosexuality, and Ministering to the LGBT Community As a follower of Christ, there are many issues and injustices that exist in the world today that cause righteous indignation to rise up within me and permeate the chambers of my heart. There’s something about bearing witness to the wrongful treatment of those who cannot (or feel as if they cannot) speak for themselves and who need the love of Jesus the most. As a follower of Christ, and member of the Church, I feel it is our responsibility to minister to those who seek refuge, hope, and love among the brokenness and painful realities of a fallen world. One group of people I have a personal conviction for ministering to is the LGBT community. As Believers, the Church should†¦show more content†¦It would be irresponsible and untrue to claim that all churches have denied ministry to those with same gender attraction, but it does seem that many churches have abstained or rejected ministering to the LGBT community for different reasons. One reason is the approach by way of judgment or condemnation from those within the Church. In her book, Boynes explains, â€Å"in general, there are two wrong approaches the Church has taken toward those living a homosexual lifestyle. Some have judged and condemned the homosexual, usually in a spirit not motivated by love. Others have openly accepted the lifestyle and welcomed homosexuals into the pulpit. Both responses are ditches on the road to truth and will diminish the Church’s fulfillment of its calling.† An online article entitled, â€Å"What Does the Bible Say About Homosexuality?† attempts to explain some of the reasons for the Church’s condemnation: â€Å"Prejudices, fears and misconceptions about homosexuality are deeply rooted in our culture. The subject evokes strong emotions, which may hinder understanding it from a Biblical perspective. Many common beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality actually have their origins in our cultural traditions rather than in the Bible.â₠¬  If one of the reasons the Church isn’t ministering to those in the LGBT community is because of prejudices andShow MoreRelatedWomens Leadership : Where Should They Serve?2262 Words   |  10 PagesMinistry: Where Should They Serve? Take a look around the modern church, and a major demographic is missing. Leadership positions in the church are extremely male dominated. Women have long been a discussion point for the world wide church. As cultural opinions have become more liberal, the Christian community begins to follow suit. However, there are still many churches that hold to their original beliefs. A shift in rules for the church is something to stir questions. If Christians preach only biblicalRead MoreLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words   |  40 PagesSpain . Some states of the United States have followed and provided registries for same-sex partnerships and grant them certain rights.                                                                                        The Philippines is one of the most Catholic or church influenced country in the world. It has always been advocated in keeping the laws of God. The critics of same sex unions have also gone beyond debates and discourse for the past. Many Filipino homosexual’s has been protesting for their freedom rightsRead MoreCall to Ministry3220 Words   |  13 Pagesimplement a similar strategy. These approaches will need to be characterized by a spirit of innovation and flexibility.† [3] In fact, an Iranian pastor, a colleague of mine, who works a secular job in teaching engineering 4 days a week and pastors a church 3 days a week, has been asked many times by the Iranian Muslim community, â€Å"How much do the Americans pay you to be a pastor?† He can honestly reply, â€Å"nothing†, â€Å"I am a professor of electrical engineering and work at a regular job to pay the bills

Italy Swot Analysis - 1732 Words

Introduction 1 Strength Italy is situated is the center of the Mediterranean Sea. The main strength of geographical location is that Italy belongs to the coasts of four different seas (Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea and Ligurian Sea). There are two large mountain ranges in Italy: Alps and Apennines. It is a big plus for tourism sector of the country. Tourism is one of the fastest growing and profitable sectors of the national economy. Italian climate is very different. It is comfortable to travel to this country in every season. If it is summer you can relax in a seaside resorts or take a rest near different lakes. Also in summer you can mountaineer. In winter it is possible to skiing. In autumn and spring you†¦show more content†¦And now unemployment is growing too fast. The problem is that Italians tend to enter the work force at an older age. They take longer to find jobs and tend not to leave those jobs once they have them. As a result of it, many Italians turn to more flexible but illegal work. Speaking about criminality, it is necessary to say about Italian mafia. Based on the report of 2009 year, commissioned by Italys parliamentary anti-mafia commission, it is possible to say that now it is silently prospering, moving on from spectacular crimes and massacres to business and politics, with a prudent dose of intimidation and violence in a bid to take over the fundamental role of the state. The highest concentration of people living under the shadow of the mafia, 95.9%, was in the province of Agrigento in Sicily, followed by Naples, at 95%. (Tom Kington, guardian.co.uk, 2009). Now Italy has many problems in economic sector. The first is that it has very high debt level. Because of it Italy now is in crisis situation. Also Italian living standards have a considerable north-south divide. Italy suffers from structural weaknesses due to its geographical conformation and the lack of raw materials and energy resources. The country has an inefficient state bure aucracy, low property rights protection and high levels of corruption, heavy taxation and public spending that accounts for about half ofShow MoreRelatedThe Report On Nokia Mobile Phones1741 Words   |  7 PagesAutomotive Valeo Electronics Alcan Packaging Globe Motors St Gobain Abrasives Germany Brose Kern Liebers Fresenius Medical Korea LG Electronics Samkwang Eunsung Printing HS Electronics HD Electronics American Empak Feature Italy Haemotronic Israel Netafim Japan Alps/Alpine (2 plants) Bigston Corporation Chiyoda Fujitsu Ten (2 plants) GSW JVC Panasonic Electronic (2 plants) Mikuni Panasonic Service Company Sharp Mexico Galvotec Alloys New Zealand Read MoreCoca Cola s : Social Environment, Strategic And Economic Component883 Words   |  4 Pagesand supports UN Global Compact; Positive results of financial performances through using ROA and ROI evaluation and SWOT analysis and TOWS matrix identification; and finally, this report details the factors leading to the sustainability of the company, which it includes stakeholders’ involvement, GRI implementation, social and environmental sustainability. 2. Stakeholder analysis for Coca-Cola Hellenic Inc Coca-Cola mentions that it cannot attain its supportability objectives solely. It has a tendencyRead MorePestel Analysis on Motor Industry10196 Words   |  41 PagesOverview of Strategy Development Models and the Ward-Rivani Model corresponding author: Dr. David Ward, European School of Economics, Via Chiaravalle 9, 20100 Milan, Italy. All correspondence to Dr David Ward, Via Fornari 46, 20146 Milan, Italy email: daward@tin.it co-author: Elena Rivani, Via Orsoni 41, 40068, San Lazzaro di S. (Bo), Italy. Abstract Numerous models for developing strategy, defining and aligning competitive advantage have been proposed over the years (and even centuries if we considerRead MoreCaffe Nero2145 Words   |  9 Pagesvery significant point, a good atmosphere will give customers’ mind relax and happy, increase the customers’ consumption. When people go to the Caffe Nero, it will see behind the Caffe Nero, it writes ‘Italian’, it does not mean Caffe Nero is from Italy, it means in the Caffe Nero, the coffee style is Italian, the coffee is used for a unique Italian blend is made from seven different coffee beans, which is different with the other cafe rivals in the UK market (Caffenero.com 2011). Now a day, moreRead MoreIngvar Kamprad and Ikea Case1788 Words   |  8 Pagesin other European countries (Switzerland, Germany, etc.) in the period from 1973 – 1988? Please analyze this period using strategic tools (more than two), such as PEST, Value chain, SWOT analysis, Blue ocean, PPM, Porter’s competitive theories, Kotlers’ marketing theory, STP, 4P, etc, covered in class. PEST analysis: Politics * Different legislations due to the variety of market targeted * The after world war 2 that led to the confrontation between the two blocs | Economics * 1973 oil crisisRead MoreVsm Group: Examination of Strategic Position and Development of a Competitive Strategy4519 Words   |  19 Pagesused to analyse both the internal and external environment of the company, namely, PESTEL, Five Forces Model, and the SWOT analysis The examination of the strategic position of VSM will involve analysing the strategy of the company with emphasis on the environment it operates in, its strategic capabilities, and how expectations affect organisational purposes and strategies. The analysis will conclude with a clear statement of the Key Issues and Critical Success factors. The strategic position of VSMRead MoreTips For A Dessert Shop1978 Words   |  8 Pageset up a dessert shop in UEA Overview My dessert shop will be named Tiramisu, which is a famous Italy dessert. This shop will be mainly sells desserts to the campus students and staffs, as well as middle-income residents of neighboring house, and caterers near UEA. Brief introduction of the business This shop will sell different kind of dissert especially special dessert from all over the world. Considered that my customers will mainly be the students in the school, whose age is usually between 18Read MoreHistory and Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry4211 Words   |  17 PagesThe History and Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceuticals Industry Analysis i 1. Origins and Evolution 2 2. Environmental Analysis (PEST) 2 3. Structural Industry Analysis (Porter’s Five Forces) 4 4. Strategic Issues Facing The Industry 5 5. Analysis of Key Industry Participants and Strategy 6 6. Pfizer – SWOT Analysis and Strategy Review 8 7. Conclusion 10 8. References 10 Pharmaceuticals Industry Analysis Page 1 Executive Summary This report provides an analytical strategicRead MoreReady Meals Market Pestel Swot Essay1971 Words   |  8 Pagesmight affect sales in the UK over the next five years. The growth of the ready meals market over the years. In 2007, the research company Mintel reported that the ready meals market within the five largest European Countries (UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain) increased by 5% between 2006 and 2007, reaching a total sales value of â‚ ¬8.4 billion. A growth of 18% to reach the â‚ ¬10 billion mark by 2011 was also predicted. The market was worth â‚ ¬2 billion in the UK in 2007 with a prediction that betweenRead MoreGlobal: Strategic Management and Analysis1041 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision which has to be made. 2. SWOT analysis, including: †¢ An internal analysis (Strengths Weaknesses of Illy Espressamente) †¢ An external analysis (Opportunities Threats from the Global Coffee Market). †¢ A strategic SWOT analysis, crossing internal external analyses, in order to determine strategic directions for the internationalization of Espressamente. 3. Analysis of each of the 7 foreign markets considered for expansion: †¢ Cultural distance with Italy †¢ Market attractiveness (based

Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Conquistador and Explorer

Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa (1475–1519) was a Spanish conquistador, explorer, and administrator. He is best known for leading the first European expedition to sight the Pacific Ocean, or the South Sea as he referred to it. He is still remembered and venerated in Panama as a heroic explorer. Fast Facts: Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa Known For: First European sighting of the Pacific Ocean and colonial governance in what is now PanamaBorn: 1475 in Jerà ©z de los Caballeros, Extremadura province, CastileParents: Differing historical accounts of parents names: his family was noble but no longer wealthySpouse: Marà ­a de Peà ±alosaDied: January 1519 in Acla, near present-day Darià ©n, Panama Early Life Nuà ±ez de Balboa was born into a noble family that was no longer wealthy. His father and mother were both of noble blood in Badajoz, Spain and Vasco was born in Jerà ©z de los Caballeros in 1475. Although noble, Balboa could not hope for much in the way of even a meager inheritance, as he was the third of four sons. All titles and lands were passed to the eldest; younger sons generally went into the military or clergy. Balboa opted for the military, spending time as a page and squire at the local court. America By 1500, word had spread all over Spain and Europe of the wonders of the New World and the fortunes being made there. Young and ambitious, Balboa joined the expedition of Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1500. The expedition was mildly successful in raiding the northeastern coast of South America. In 1502, Balboa landed in Hispaniola with enough money to set himself up with a small pig farm. He was not a very good farmer, however, and by 1509 he was forced to flee his creditors in Santo Domingo. Back to the Darien Balboa stowed away (with his dog) on a ship commanded by Martà ­n Fernà ¡ndez de Enciso, who was heading to the recently-founded town of San Sebastià ¡n de Urabà ¡ with supplies. He was quickly discovered and Enciso threatened to maroon him, but the charismatic Balboa talked him out of it. When they reached San Sebastià ¡n they found that natives had destroyed it. Balboa convinced Enciso and the survivors of San Sebastià ¡n (led by Francisco Pizarro) to try again and establish a town, this time in the Darià ©n—a region of dense jungle between present-day Colombia and Panama. Santa Marà ­a la Antigua del Darià ©n The Spaniards landed in the Darià ©n and were quickly beset by a large force of natives under the command of Cà ©maco, a local chieftain. Despite the overwhelming odds, the Spanish prevailed and founded the city of Santa Marà ­a la Antigua de Darià ©n on the site of Cà ©macos old village. Enciso, as ranking officer, was put in charge but the men detested him. Clever and charismatic, Balboa rallied the men behind him and removed Enciso by arguing that the region was not part of the royal charter of Alonso de Ojeda, Encisos master. Balboa was one of two men quickly elected to serve as mayors of the city. Veragua Balboas stratagem of removing Enciso backfired in 1511. It was true that Alonso de Ojeda (and therefore, Enciso) had no legal authority over Santa Marà ­a, which had been founded in an area referred to as Veragua. Veragua was the domain of Diego de Nicuesa, a somewhat unstable Spanish nobleman who had not been heard from in some time. Nicuesa was discovered in the north with a handful of bedraggled survivors from an earlier expedition, and he decided to claim Santa Marà ­a for his own. The colonists preferred Balboa, however, and Nicuesa was not even allowed to go ashore: Indignant, he set sail for Hispaniola but was never heard from again. Governor Balboa was effectively in charge of Veragua at this point and the crown reluctantly decided to simply recognize him as governor. Once his position was official, Balboa quickly began organizing expeditions to explore the region. The local tribes of indigenous natives were not united and were powerless to resist the Spanish, who were better armed and disciplined. The colonizers collected much gold and pearls through their military power, which in turn drew more men to the settlement. They began hearing rumors of a great sea and a rich kingdom to the south. Expedition to the South The narrow strip of land which is Panama and the northern tip of Colombia runs east to west, not north to south as some might suppose. Therefore, when Balboa, along with about 190 Spaniards and a handful of natives, decided to search for this sea in 1513, they headed mostly south, not west. They fought their way through the isthmus, leaving many wounded behind with friendly or conquered chieftains. On September 25, Balboa and a handful of battered Spaniards (Francisco Pizarro was among them) first saw the Pacific Ocean, which they named the â€Å"South Sea.† Balboa waded into the water and claimed the sea for Spain. Pedrarà ­as Dà ¡vila The Spanish crown, still with some lingering doubt over whether or not Balboa had correctly handled Enciso, sent a massive fleet to Veragua (now named Castilla de Oro) under the command of veteran soldier Pedrarà ­as Dà ¡vila. Fifteen hundred men and women flooded the tiny settlement. Dà ¡vila had been named governor to replace Balboa, who accepted the change with good humor, although the colonists still preferred him to Dà ¡vila. Dà ¡vila proved to be a poor administrator and hundreds of settlers died, mostly those who had sailed with him from Spain. Balboa tried to recruit some men to explore the South Sea without Dà ¡vila knowing, but he was found out and arrested. Vasco and Pedrarà ­as Santa Marà ­a had two leaders: officially, Dà ¡vila was governor, but Balboa was more popular. They continued to clash until 1517 when it was arranged for Balboa to marry one of Dà ¡vila’s daughters. Balboa married Marà ­a de Peà ±alosa despite an obstacle: she was in a convent in Spain at the time and they had to marry by proxy. In fact, she never left the convent. Before long, the rivalry flared up again. Balboa left Santa Marà ­a for the small town of Aclo with 300 of those who still preferred his leadership to that of Dà ¡vila. He was successful in establishing a settlement and building some ships. Death Fearing the charismatic Balboa as a potential rival, Dà ¡vila decided to get rid of him once and for all. Balboa was arrested by a squad of soldiers led by Francisco Pizarro as he made preparations to explore the Pacific coast of northern South America. He was hauled back to Aclo in chains and quickly tried for treason against the crown: The charge was that he had tried to establish his own independent fiefdom of the South Sea, independent from that of Dà ¡vila. Enraged, Balboa shouted out that he was a loyal servant of the crown, but his pleas fell on deaf ears. He was beheaded in January of 1519 along with four of his companions (there are conflicting accounts of the exact date of the execution). Without Balboa, the colony of Santa Marà ­a quickly failed. Where he had cultivated positive ties with local natives for trade, Dà ¡vila enslaved them, resulting in short-term economic profit but long-term disaster for the colony. In 1519, Dà ¡vila forcibly moved all of the settlers to the Pacific side of the isthmus, founding Panama City, and by 1524 Santa Marà ­a had been razed by angry natives. Legacy The legacy of Vasco Nuà ±ez de Balboa is brighter than that of many of his contemporaries. While many  conquistadors, such as  Pedro de Alvarado,  Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s,  and  Pà ¡nfilo de Narvaez  are today remembered for cruelty, exploitation, and inhuman treatment of natives, Balboa is remembered as an explorer, fair administrator, and popular governor who made his settlements work. As for relations with natives, Balboa was guilty of his share of atrocities, including enslavement and setting his dogs on homosexual men in one village. In general, however, he is thought to have dealt with his native allies well, treating them with respect and friendship which translated into beneficial trade and food for his settlements. Although he and his men were the first to see the Pacific Ocean while heading west from the New World, it would be  Ferdinand Magellan  who would get the credit for naming it when he rounded the southern tip of South America in 1520. Balboa is best remembered in  Panama, where many streets, businesses, and parks bear his name. There is a stately monument in his honor in Panama City (a district of which bears his name) and the national currency is called the Balboa. There is even a lunar crater named after him. Sources Editors, History.com. â€Å"Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez De Balboa.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 18 Dec. 2009.Thomas, Hugh.  Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan.  Random House, 2005.

The Setting Of Dracula By William Shakespeare - 1155 Words

Activity 1 The setting of Dracula took place in Transylvania at Castle Dracula and travels over to Whitby. The author decided to pick this place because this was the birthplace of the Dracula stories. By using this it connected more with the original stories of Dracula instead of taking it somewhere else and make it more of a duplicate. While reading this book it made me feel like I was up and close to Dracula. If the setting would have taken place in a different place it would just have been another vampire book and not about Dracula himself. Activity 2 Two characters that should be brought to the light are Count Dracula and Van Helsing. Count Dracula, or Dracula for short, is an old vampire as well as a Transylvania citizen. Since he is a vampire he is possessed with a dark entity. This curse comes with both powers and burdens. As a vampire he is able to shape-shift to any animal he wants, control the weather, and has the strength of about 20 men. Some of the burdens that comes with this is that he can’t enter a victim’s house without being invited in, can’t cross water without being held, and becomes weak when in presence of sunlight. â€Å"I bent over him, and tried to find any sign of life, but in vain† (pg. 52 – 53). â€Å"Between me and the moonlight flitted a great bat, coming and going great, whirling circles† (pg. 103). â€Å"The blood is the life† (pg. 156). Van Helsing is a Dutch professor who is described as a philosopher, a metaphysician, and one of the most advancedShow MoreRelatedSetting Archetypes1258 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ ARCHETYPAL SETTINGS 1. The River – Almost any source of water will focus on the importance of life. Without water there is no life. A journey on or down a river is often a metaphor for life’s journey or a character’s journey, especially if the river is shown as a road or means of travel – pulling or pushing a character through changes. (Twain’s Huck Finn) Rivers can also be a metaphor for the passage of time (Big Fish) or the stages of a human life (creek, roaring river, sea; or the crossingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesspeakers. In 1840, in his introduction to The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, William Whewell wrote: We very much need a name to describe a cultivator of science in general. I propose to call him a scientist. Whewells stipulative definition caught on. It has now become a correct lexical definition. Persuasive definitions are another category of definitions. Take the definition of atheist proposed by William, an acquaintance of mine: By atheist I mean a non-Christian pervert who will rot

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Application and Human Factor Free Essays

string(89) " capable of flying at 25,000 feet altitude, and can stay airborne for 12 hours straight\." Unmanned aerial vehicle, or UAV, is one of the latest aircrafts recently being utilized by the United States Military. Its conception has provided Air Force pilots with assurances of safe return after a combat mission, a feat never before attained in warfare’s history. Since its invention in the 1920’s, several technological advances have been made; extending flight distance and duration capabilities, and pay loading armaments comparable to those of manned fighter jets. We will write a custom essay sample on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Application and Human Factor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since UAVs are usually controlled by an external pilot on Ground Control Stations, or GCS, it is unavoidable for this system to be faced with human factors, sometimes resulting in mission failures, at times even in aircraft crashes. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Applications and Human Factor Recent technology has introduced to us a new form of aircraft in aviation. Perhaps due to the increasing incidents of aircraft accidents during these past decades, which often resulted in the deaths of even the most experienced pilots, airline conglomerates and military authorities had painstakingly searched for the completion of the invention of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles, or UAV. In this paper, we shall be witnesses to a technology that has the potential to virtually eliminate pilot casualties, whether in war, espionage missions, or even in commercial flights. We shall also see how human factors affect such technology, in terms of control and manipulation of the aircraft, and the causal possibilities of human error in accidents. Background The United States’ Department of Defense defines the UAV as, â€Å"powered aerial vehicles that do not carry a human operator, use aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, and can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely† (Bone, 2003, p. 2). United States’ war on terrorism has put UAVs missions as important in the gathering of intelligence data. Its unquestionable successes in the wars in Iraq, Kosovo, and Afghanistan had opened the military minds on its advantages during wartime. Missions that used to be reserved for Air force top guns, now the UAVs are slowly taking the front seat. UAVs have two obvious advantages over manned aircrafts: first is, they are found to be cost efficient; and it eliminates the dangers faced by the pilots’ during missions (Bone, 2003, p2). Bone cites a number of reasons on the seeming delay of the technology of UAV. One is because the technology to effectively fly a UAV mission has only recently been made available. Another is due to the Air Force’s slowly fading silk scarf syndrome, which gave preference to manned over unmanned flight missions, thus allowing for the UAV to gain more flight hours. Yet another is due to the earlier absence of a global crisis, which could have allowed for a quicker invention of the UAV due to the extreme shortage in the U. S. military of an espionage aircraft (2003, p. 5). UAVs size varies from a few centimeters in length to that of a 747 jet liner. U. S. Department of Defense currently has in its possession five types of UAVs: The Predator and Global Hawk of the Air Force; the Pioneer by the Navy and the Marines; the Hunter and the Shadow by the Army (Bone, 2003, p2). Despite the notion that UAVs have only recently been developed in the United States, it has been in existence in aviation for almost a century. UAVs were first tested in 1920, during World Wa r 1, but the United States did not put it into combat action. It was Germany who had laid the foundations on this technology during World War 2, with the invention of the V-1 Flying bomb. But it was to be in the Vietnam War that UAVs were first used as an espionage plane, with AQM-34 Firebee. Firebee epitomized what the UAV should be: versatile, easy to operate, transportable to other areas, and can easily be converted to payload missiles. In a speech by former President Bush in December of 2001, he had expressed his belief in the UAVs technology, particularly The Predator, as the future of warfare; as stated in a report to the American Congress in 2003 by Elizabeth Bone: This unmanned aerial vehicle is able to circle our enemy forces, gather intelligence, transmit information instantly back to commanders, then fire on targets with extreme accuracy†¦We’re entering an era where unmanned vehicles of all kinds will take on greater importance† (p. 7). U. S. Military U. A. V. s 1. MQ-1 Predator: It is about half the size of an F-16 fighter jet, a tail shaped like an inverted V, and is 27 feet in length and 7 feet high. It reaches a maximum altitude of 25, 000 feet, but for the fitted video cameras to work at its best, it needs to be at about 10,000 to 15,000 feet in altitude. Its take off and landing capabilities are similar to that of the normal aircraft, with the pilot on ground control. The Predator’s main job is airborne reconnaissance and accurate target pinpointing. It is equipped with a Synthetic Aperture Radar, or SAR, enabling it to see through bad weather conditions. Newer models also have capabilities to launch smaller UAVs to carry out varying missions. Each Predator unit’s estimated cost is $4. 5 million, and $30 million for the whole system (Bone, 2003, p. 25). 2. RQ-2 Pioneer: This UAV is the only type on the Navy’s and Marine’s arsenal (Bone, 2003, p. 29). It was obtained by the U. S. Navy in 1986 from Israel after proving its worth with their war with Lebanon. RQ-2 Pioneer is about half the size of the Predator, at 14 feet in length, and its maximum attainable altitude is 15,000 feet. It can remain airborne for 5 hours straight, and since its acquisition, it has accumulated over 23,000 flight hours giving suppo rt to the Navy and the Marines. The cost of Pioneer is estimated at $250,000 to $1 million, depending on the payload (Bone, 2003, p. 30). 3. RQ-5 Hunter: The Hunter weighs 1,600 lbs, is capable of flying at 25,000 feet altitude, and can stay airborne for 12 hours straight. You read "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Application and Human Factor" in category "Papers" It is equipped with E-O/IR sensor which enables it to fly in night missions. Recently, plans have been made to use Hunter to act as a reconnaissance to a squadron of attack helicopters, such as the Apache and RAH-66 Comanche, to maximize the helicopters’ attack zone. In 2002, a successful experiment was made wherein Hunter’s control was linked to the mainframe computers of the Apache’s during flight missions. The success of the experiment greatly maximized Apache’s efficiency during battle conditions. Weapons payload includes the Brilliant Anti-Armor submunition, or BAT, an effective annihilator of tanks and armored personnel carriers. Hunter’s cost with payload is $1. 2 million, ad the whole system at $30 million (Bone, 2003, p. 33). 4. RQ-7 Shadow 200: Shadow 200, a product of AAI Corporation, is 11 feet in length and has a wingspan of 13 feet. It was strategically designed for brigade operations, thus its range is only 30 nm and has a flight duration of 4 hours. And although its maximum attainable altitude is 14,000 feet, it works best at only under 8,000 feet altitude. The Shadow is equipped with an E-O/IR sensor video camera for day or night missions, and has the capability to transmit data to ground control in real-time. The Shadow cost is pegged at $350,000 while the whole system is at $10. 7 million (Bone, 2003, p. 36). 5. FQM-151 Pointer: All the branches of the U. S. military have, in the past, tried to develop their own type of hand-launched Pointer that measures around 6 feet in the last 15 years, and some of them had been on war missions, particularly in gulf War and Dessert Storm. However, the design officially approved by the Military is the AeroVironment’s Pointer UAV, which weighs 10 pounds, and has a wingspan of 9 feet. It can stay afloat for 90 minutes and has an up to 3-mile operational distance from ground control, within altitudes of 100-300 feet. Pointer UAVs have been best-suited for pay loading experimental miniscule sensors and have been a popular choice for Drug Enforcement Agency, National Guard, and Special Operations Forces (Bone, 2003, p. 37). 5. RQ-4 Global Hawk: This UAV is by far the most expensive ever produced, with per unit cost amounting to $75 million (Bone, 2003, p. 39). It specializes in high altitude, long duration flights that provides near real-time videos of large geographical sections. It is also the first ever UAV to make a successful trans-Pacific flight, when it travelled from California to Australia in April 22-23, of 2001 (Bone, 2003, p. 37). Its effectivity was tested in Afghanistan, when it flew more than 50 combat missions accumulating more than 1,000 combat hours, despite still being on its experimental stage. Global hawk is about the size of a corporate jet, measuring 44 feet in length and weighing 26, 750 lbs. Its maximum altitude limit is almost double than that of a commercial liner, at 65,000 feet, and is capable of flying over 35 hours without refueling. However, Global Hawk’s most apparent advantage is its capability of taking off, flying, and landing autonomously in any kind of weather. Commanders in the battle field aptly call this UAV as, â€Å"the theater commander’s around-the-clock, low hanging surveillance satellite† (Bone, 2003, p. 38). Global Hawk’s pay load consists of a 2,000 pound group of sensors, which is much larger than on any of the previous UAVs. it includes an all weather SAR with a Moving Target Indicator capability, E-O digital camera, IR sensor, and a Signals Intelligence Sensor, or SIGINT, making it a virtually multi-intelligence UAV (Bone, 2003, p. 8). As a testament to its technological superiority, Global Hawk’s radar-sensors and IR cameras were able to accurately pinpoint Iraqi targets in March 24-27, of 2002, despite of having a near-zero visibility on the ground due to a relentless sandstorm in Iraq. 6. Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle: UCAV is the first ever unmanned aero-system designed primarily and purely for combat missions. It is similar in size to the Air Force’s Predator, at 27 feet in length and a wingspan of 34 feet. Equal to manned fighter jets in weaponry and stealth capabilities, the U. S. Armed Forces plan on having one-third of its deep-strike fighter jets be unmanned by the year 2010 (Bone, 2003, p. 42). Due to its 1,000 to 3,000 pound-weapons payload, UCAV’s primary combat mission would be SEAD, or Suppression of Enemy Air Defense, to be followed by precision targeting of enemy installations. 7. Vertical Takeoff and Landing Tactical UAV: Commonly known as VTUAV Fire Scout, it is a helicopter-looking design intended as a replacement for the Pioneer. It is about 23 feet in length, with a maximum altitude of 20,000 feet and maximum flight duration of 6 hours. Its maximum distance of operations is 110 nm from the control ship and has a speed of 115 knots (Bone, 2003, p. 43). UTUAV Fire Scout, unlike the Pioneer which utilizes a net in order to be recovered in a ship, ha the capability of autonomously taking off and landing through the use of sensors. Fire Scout is an unmanned equivalent of the commercial-use Schweitzer helicopter, it ahs an E-O/IR sensor that also serves as a laser targeting designator. It is also capable of mine-detecting, and is equipped with Hellfire missiles. Fire Scouts are being utilized in special operations support and homeland security services (Bone, 2009, p. 4). 8. Dragon Eye: it is the opposite of the Global Hawk in terms of range and size. Being a 5-pounder, with just a 45 inch wingspan UAV, the Dragon Eye can provide marines with over-the-hill surveillance of enemy troops, making it an ideal UAV for urban warfare, chemical, as well as biological-oriented missions. It is portable enough to fit in a backpack and can be launched by hand or with a bungee cord. This UAV can stay aloft for 1 hour, at a height of 300-500 feet, with speeds of up to 40 mph. Because of its small frame, its production cost which includes three planes, is only at $90,000 (Bone, 2003, p. 7). 9. Dragon Warrior: Resembling a small helicopter of about 105 inches long and flight range of 50 miles, and maximum duration of 3 hours, this will be a vertical take off and landing UAV designed for surveillance in urban areas. It will also be equipped with E-O/IR sensor camera and a laser target designator. 10. A-160 Hummingbird: The Hummingbird is also an unmanned helicopter designed to have longer flight duration and distance over the other models, with a range of 2,000 nm and a duration lasting for 48 hours, respectively. With its maximum flight altitude of 30,000 feet and a speed of 130-140kt, it will greatly assist in surveillance, targeting thru laser designation, communications relaying, weapons delivery to infantries, and special operations missions (Bone, 2003, p. 49). 11. Scan Eagle: Boeing’s UAV can be optionally launched from a ship, on land, or even from a submarine. The idea if to have a horde of 4-foot UAVs linked directly on a submarine for reconnaissance purposes. 12. Eagle Eye: This type of UAV takes off like a helicopter, and then flips its rotor blades to fly like an airplane. Its speed is up to 220 knots and has a distance of 300 miles. This type of UAV is suited for patrolling the coastline, locating ships in distress, and also has the capability to transmit videos to command centers. Production cost for the Eagle eye is at $3 million per plane (Bone, 2003, p. 50). 13. Micro Air Vehicle, MAV: unlike the UAVs, MAV is only inches in length, and production costs would be in the thousands and not in millions. As an example, the Organic Air Vehicle, or OAV, measures only 9 inches wide. It has a ducted fan design, and carries an E-O sensor, which comes in infrared or acoustic models. Because of its very small size, MAVs can be programmed for watch-and-stare missions on enemy troops while on air, and also while on land. These MAVs can autonomously lift off and land on itself. Modifications have also been done, resulting in the advent of UCAR, or Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft. These will have the capability as a reconnaissance to ground troops, as well as offensive purposes. It will also be capable of system-linking with other manned and UAVs for performing synchronized attacks (Bone, 2003, p. 51). Human Factor in UAV Flights Since unmanned flights have slowly been gaining popularity in both military and commercial uses, perhaps it will be sooner than we expect for UAVs to replace manned flights permanently. It would be wise for us to give insights on issues concerning cognitive factors affecting the pilots, especially since accident occurrences in UAV flights have been proven to be over thirty times more common than in manned aircraft flights (McCarley Wickens, 2005, p. 2). It is also possible for UAV pilots to be manning more than one aircraft simultaneously, entailing never-before-encountered workload pressures. Manual v Automated Flights 1. It has been widely accepted that the effect of automation has not resulted in the elimination of human workload but the introduction of new ones, forcing the pilots to develop new strategies (McCarley Wickens, 2005, p. 4). The changing of strategies is often the result descriptive of an imperfect system, not of the computer software type, but of the factors that even a perfectly-running automation system would not be able to detect, such as the icing of an UAV wing. 2. The present UAV take off and landing automated procedures differ according to the model. Such that the Hunter and the Pioneer require an on-site external pilot; the Predator to be controlled on a separate aircraft within the Ground Control Site; while there are some cases, as in Global Hawk, where full automation is integrated. These differences seem to be significant, take off and landing errors make up for a majority of accidents attributed to human factors; Hunter with 67% and the Pioneer with 78%, both are externally controlled (McCarley Wickens, 2005, p. ). 3. An external pilot of a UAV basically relies on computer imagery in controlling the aircraft. The visual quality of the imagery, however, has the possibility of being diminished due to factors affecting bandwidth, resulting in poor resolution or a delay in image uploading. Situations such as these may prejudice overall aircraft control and visibility of air traffic. This poses a clear danger in military missions, more s o in the planned commercial implementation of autonomic control of commercial flights. 4. On way of solving the problem stated in #3 is by the use of enhanced reality, or synthetic vision (McCarley Wickens, 2005, p. 7). In this system, images from the actual camera shots of a UAV will be converted to display landmarks on a given terrain, thus creating a virtual reality world that the external pilot can manipulate. The problem with this system is that pilot’s over reliance on synthetic imagery would lead to a possible neglect of some natural landmarks not visible in the imagery system. Thus, using this method would be beneficial for the UAV performance but comes with a potential risk. . One of the resulting effects of separating the pilot from the aircraft is that the pilot would be denied of his real-time sensory reactions otherwise available in a manned aircraft, and that he would have to rely on computer monitors provided for by the cameras onboard the UAV. Hence, we can conclude that the external pilot only functions in a relatively sensory isolation from th e UAV he is controlling. It would be of utmost importance for the developers to design an alarms system to keep the pilots abreast of the real-time environmental situations and probable system failures. . Since UAV pilots are not in danger of injury or death in the event of their aircraft crashing, this could, in theory, prove to be a big difference in the pilot’s risk-taking decisions, such as in going through a flight plan on a bad weather. Sensory isolation factor could be magnified during these situations (McCarley Wickens, 2005, p. 10). 7. The accepted norm during long endurance UAV flights had been to switch control among different external pilots within a single flight. This process usually takes on three types: First is the transfer of UAV control from one Ground Control Station to another; second is through the transfer of control from one team of operators to another, within the same GCS; and last is through the transfer of control from one pilot to another within the same team. It has been documented that a significant number of UAV accidents happened during the transfer from one pilot to another, because the GCS taking over control of the UAV was not properly briefed beforehand (McCarley Wickens, 2005, p. 0). 8. Instances of a total failure of the Ground Control Station-UAV communications link would prove to be disastrous. This scenario can be considered as a human factor because of the need for the Automated Traffic Center, or ATM, to be aware of the default programs of the UAV system in order to properly manage air traffic within their area. It would also be of the utmost importance for the external pilots themselves to be aware of the commu nications link failure as quickly as possible. 9. Researches on whether experienced manned pilots are better operators than novice manned pilots have ended in differing conclusions. Although generally, as the experiments revealed, experienced manned pilots reached the desired level of performance in landing and basic maneuvering skills faster than that of the novice’s. Other studies, however, based on the Army’s Job Assessment Software System, or JASS, revealed that piloting skills does not constitute a great deal in UAV operations, thus making the selection of top pilots as UAV operators insignificant (McCarley, Wickens, 2005, p. 3). 10. Questions on medical qualifications of the UAV operator should also be brought into light. Since physical factors concerning high altitude temporary mental perception failure does not concern AUV pilots, still some type of medical fitness qualifications must be practiced. These must be able to determine if: the said qualifications should be more stringent or less for the UAV pilot s; and, work duration limits should be established for long endurance missions. 11. Since the pressures and work load of a UAV pilot differs from that of a manned aircraft, and since formal training in flight schools are usually focused on instructing pilots for manned vehicles, which constitute less amount of time on simulations and more on the actual flight, the need arises for a training more attuned to giving more flight simulations to pilots of UAVs. This should be able to determine up to what extent trainee pilots should spend time on simulations in order to obtain a UAV certification. 12. Technological researches must be made to improve on the controls of the external pilot. At present, the controls of the UAV are similar to that of a radio-controlled hobbyist’s plane. This design poses a problem in the directional movement of the UAV with respect to the controller. As such, when the UAV and the pilot differ in position by 180 degrees, a rightward movement on the rudder will result in leftward movement of the UAV, and vice versa. Control rudders must be made to conform to the principle of human motion compatibility as to avoid further confusion for the pilot (McCarley Wickens, 2005, p. 6). How to cite Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Application and Human Factor, Papers

London - the capital of Great Britain free essay sample

When we think of Paris, Rome. Madrid, Lisbon and other European capitals, we think of them as metropoliss . When we think of the whole of modern London, the capital metropolis of England and the United Kingdom, that great country covering several hundred square kilometers, we do non believe of it as a metropolis. non even as a metropolis and its suburbs. Modem London is non one metropolis that has steadily become larger through the centuries ; it is a figure of metropoliss. towns, and small towns that have, during the past centuries, grown together to do one huge urban country. London is situated upon both Bankss of the River Thames, it is the largest metropolis in Britain and one of the largest in the universe. Its population is about 7 million people. London dominates the life of Britain. It is the main port of the state and the most of import commercial, fabricating and cultural Centre. We will write a custom essay sample on London the capital of Great Britain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is small heavy industry in London, but there is a broad scope of light industry in Greater London. London consists of three parts: the City of London, the West End and the East End. The City extends over an country of about 2.6 square kilometers in the bosom of London. About half a million people work in the City but merely less than 6000 live here. It is the fiscal Centre of the UK with many Bankss, offices and Stock Exchange. But the City is besides a market for goods of about every sort, from all parts of the universe. The West End can be called the Centre of Tendon. Here are the historical castles every bit good as the celebrated Parkss. Hyde Park with its Speaker s Corner is besides here. Among other Parkss are Kensington Gardens, St.James s Park. In the West End is Buckingham Palace. Which is the Queen s abode, and the Palace of Westminster which is the place of Parliament. The best-known streets here are Whitehall with of import Government offices. Downing Street, the London abode of Prime Minister and the topographic point where the Cabinet meets. Fleet Street where most newspapers have their offices, Harley Street where the highest paid physicians live, and some others. Trafalgar Square is named so in memorialization of Nelson s great triumph. In the in-between stands the celebrated Nelson Column with the statue of Nelson 170 pess high so as to let him a position of the sea. The column stands in the geographical Centre of the metropolis. It is one of the best unfastened air platforms for public meetings and presentations. One of the musts for the excursionist are the Houses of Parliament, confronting the Thames, on one side, and Parliament Square and Westminster Abbey, on the other. The House of Commons sits to the side of the Clock Tower ( Big Ben ) , the House of Lords to the Victoria Tower side. Westminster Abbey is the crowning and burial topographic point of British sovereigns. It has its universe famed Poet s Corner with commemorations to Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, the Bronte s sisters. Tennyson. Longfellow, Wordsworth, Burns, Dickens, Thackeray, Hardy, Kipling and other taking authors. Merely a few nevertheless, are really buried at that place. Here excessively is that touching symbol of a state s heartache. The Grave of the Unknown Warrior. The name West End came to be associated with wealth, luxury, and goods of high quality. It is the country of the largest section shops, films and hotels. There are about 40 theaters, several concert halls, many museums including the British Museum, and the best art galleries. It is in the West End where the University of London is centred with Bloomsbury as London s student one-fourth. The Port of London is to the E of the City. Here. today are kilometers and kilometers of docks, and the great industrial countries that depend upon transporting. This is the East End of London, unattractive in visual aspect, but really of import to the state s commercialism. In recent times London has grown so big. that the Government has decided that it must distribute no farther. It is now surrounded by a green belt a belt of agricultural and wooded land on which new edifices may be put up merely with the permission of the planning governments.

Essay on Develop Organizational Marketing Objectives

Question: Write an essay on "Develop Organizational Marketing Objectives". Answer: 1. Introduction: Setting proper marketing objectives are one of the major ways for rendering success of an organization. With the gradual progress of civilization, the taste and trends of people are changing day-by-day. Therefore, the business organizations have to develop their marketing goals and objectives in order to meet the needs and demands of the customers. Marketing objectives help to fix a particular business goal. As per the goal of a business organization, the employees have directed and encouraged to step ahead. While setting a particular goal both the business managers and the employees get a clear way how to reach the target. This particular study is primarily concerned about the marketing objective strategies and policies of Zamtas (zamtas.com.au 2016). Zamtas is one of the most popular market leading companies occupying a predominant place for designing and supplying the energy efficient lights. Automation products and the solar system have also been supplied from this particular org anization. This particular study has aimed to discuss on the market performance, market review, opportunities and threats, various risk factors of Zamtas to create a market demands of their products. 2. Strategic Direction: Mission, vision and purpose value of Zamtas: Zamtas is popularly known for its environmentally effective products in order to fulfill the requirements of Australian customers. Apart from Australia, the people of Asia and Middle East as well intend to use the service of and products of Zamtas. This particular organization is endowed with high quality of professional teams, efficient managers, competent engineers as well as technical staffs and so on. While providing a complete product solution, Zamtas intends to give a technical supports as well (Boone and Kurtz 2013). The LED products this organization mainly focuses to supply include LED outdoor lights, streetlights, solar street lights. Among the solar system facilities Zamtas primarily deals with Solar home system, solar PV modules, Inverters, Solar LED warning lights and so many. As per the organizational as well as management structure, Zamtas has aimed to expand their business beyond going the Australian boundary. Therefore, the marketing strategies and policies that have been formed on behalf of the organization are for the customers of multinational countries rather Situation Analysis: However, before setting the marketing objectives the marketing managers have decided to conduct a situation analysis of the market of Zamtas products in order to understand the current needs and demand of the customers (Castronovo, and Huang 2012). The situation analysis includes evaluating the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors that have a major affects on the organizational performance. PEST Analysis Description Political Political factors mainly determine how the business regulations and acts have a greater impact on the success of a business organization. Government taxation and policies have a major role to mould the shape of a business organization. In case of Zamtas, the business experts tend to follow some of the major regulations inside the organization strictly. In addition, this particular organization has drawn the attention of Australian government by maintaining all the government tax policies as well as regulation. Economic Zamtas has already spread their wings in different Australian countries. Australia being a developed country is possessed with a sound economical strength. Therefore, this organization has aimed to reach the target market of both premium consumers as well as low cost consumers. Socio-cultural While circulating their products in different countries of Australia and Asia, Zamtas intends to draw the attention of people from various social and cultural backgrounds. Technological Australia is very advanced in technology. Therefore, Zamtas tends to set their marketing objectives to reach the customers by utilizing advanced technology such as electronic media, new media, surveillance system and so many. Table 1: PEST Analysis (Source: Chaffey, Smith and Smith 2012) Strategic communication plan: Zamtas has formed their strategic communication plan in such a way that the organization can draw the attention of people from different geographical boundary. By maintaining a certain ethics, values and culture inside the organization, the services providers have been strictly instructed to treat every employee with equal respect and dignity (Hollensen 2015). Providing advertising with the help of media, by maintaining effective public relation, by maintaining a balance between demands and supply, Zamtas has made their strategic communication plan to reach the maximum number of customers. 3. Review Marketing Performance: Initially Zamtas primary concern was to deal with the LED lighting only. Architectural LED lights, LED Street lighting, Roadway lights, car park lights, flood lights, Pathway lights and so many were the primary focus of this organization. Gradually, the market analysts of Zamtas have observed that people are providing a huge response from different corners of the country like Australia. After that, the management along with the staff members has decided to enlarge the entire business process of Zamtas. Along with the LED lighting products, the organization decides to expand their business by providing automation products, traffic system products, solar solution and so many. Before expanding their business, Zamtas has already conducted a market evaluation strategy by executing a SWOT analysis (Kumar and Mirchandani 2012). With the help of SWOT analysis, the business experts have come to know their strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for launching these products and services . SWOT Analysis Description Strength v Zamtas has already built a business reputation by providing an excellent service of their LED products. v Performance management system has been implemented within the business. With the help of performance management system, both the mangers and the employees take part in decision-making process. v As a result, the employees are clear about the business goal and services Weakness v In comparison to the departments of various products the number of employees in Zamtas is limited v Lack of sufficient internal resource is one of the strongest weaknesses of a company Opportunity v After expanding the business process, Zamtas has a huge opportunity to launch their product beyond going their home country. Apart from Australia, the organization has already expanded their business in Asia. v By utilizing the popularity of media, this particular organization can have the opportunity to enter into the international market. Threat v Competitors market strategy is the major threat for this business organization. Table 2: SWOT analysis (Source: Ogunmokun and Tang 2012) 4. Marketing opportunity scope: Cost-benefit is a systematic approach with the help of which the strengths and weakness of alternatives can satisfy the transaction of business. Cost benefits analysis has generally been conducted in order to understand the reliability of sound investment. Before launching new products, the organization such as Zamtas likes to conduct a market analysis. Cost benefit is one of the major parts of analyzing the market opportunity (Solomon 2014). Before launching more products within the market, Zamtas marketing managers have analyzed the cost benefit effects. LED lighting has rendered an immense success and achievement for the organization like Zamtas. As per the market review result cost benefit analysis, the organization has decided to deal with more products for drawing the attention of a large number of customers throughout the world. In addition, before launching a particular product the business organizations like to analyze the risk factors in different ways. For an example, Zamtas before launching the product like inverter has made an effective risk analyzing factors. Australia being a well developed country is possessed with good electricity supply. As a result, the customers do not show their interest to purchase inverters (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). This product is not devoid of risk factors. In this situation, the managers have decided to change the target market of this particular product. People of remote areas having suffered from intense electricity problem need inverter. Therefore, the company should promote their products in those areas for drawing the attention of those customers. 5. Formulations of marketing objectives: Formulation of marketing objectives mainly aims to forecast the future needs of the business organization like Zamtas for fulfilling the customer satisfaction. While expanding the entire business process in various multinational countries, the organizations such as Zamtas has to formulate their marketing objectives to meet the customers change of tastes (Solomon 2014). However, in the formulation of marketing objectives the primary goals of Zamtas are: To conduct clear market segmentation based on the demographical, geographical and psychographic in order to segregate the target market as per the products and services. LED light is very much essential for both urban and sub-urban people. On the other hand, inverter is only necessary for the people of suburban areas To implement the risk management within business process very strictly so that the business experts can take an immediate precaution to overcome the sudden crisis 6. Conclusion: The entire study deals with the importance of making effective marketing objectives in order to render the success of a business process. Zamtas has been chosen as the selected company. The entire study has focused to highlight the strategic directions, missions, visions and the purposes of the organization. While launching various kinds of products, this organization has conducted an effective market analysis to know the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats. In addition, different environmental factors affecting the rhythm of business process have also been discussed throughout the entire study. Reference List: Boone, L. and Kurtz, D., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage Learning. Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2012.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kumar, V. and Mirchandani, R., 2012. Increasing the ROI of social media marketing.MIT sloan management review,54(1), p.55. Ogunmokun, G.O. and Tang, E.C.H., 2012. The effect of strategic marketing planning behaviour on the performance of small-to medium-sized firms.International Journal of Management,29(1), p.159. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge.